2 Samuel 5:11

Authorized King James Version

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And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house.

Original Language Analysis

וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח sent H7971
וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 1 of 17
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
חִירָ֨ם And Hiram H2438
חִירָ֨ם And Hiram
Strong's: H2438
Word #: 2 of 17
chiram or chirom, the name of two tyrians
מֶֽלֶךְ king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 3 of 17
a king
צֹ֥ר of Tyre H6865
צֹ֥ר of Tyre
Strong's: H6865
Word #: 4 of 17
tsor, a place in palestine
מַלְאָכִים֮ messengers H4397
מַלְאָכִים֮ messengers
Strong's: H4397
Word #: 5 of 17
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 6 of 17
near, with or among; often in general, to
לְדָוִֽד׃ David H1732
לְדָוִֽד׃ David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 7 of 17
david, the youngest son of jesse
עֵ֔ץ trees H6086
עֵ֔ץ trees
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 8 of 17
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
אֲרָזִ֔ים and cedar H730
אֲרָזִ֔ים and cedar
Strong's: H730
Word #: 9 of 17
a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its roots)
וְחָֽרָשֵׁ֖י and carpenters H2796
וְחָֽרָשֵׁ֖י and carpenters
Strong's: H2796
Word #: 10 of 17
a fabricator or any material
עֵ֔ץ trees H6086
עֵ֔ץ trees
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 11 of 17
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
וְחָֽרָשֵׁ֖י and carpenters H2796
וְחָֽרָשֵׁ֖י and carpenters
Strong's: H2796
Word #: 12 of 17
a fabricator or any material
אֶ֣בֶן H68
אֶ֣בֶן
Strong's: H68
Word #: 13 of 17
a stone
קִ֑יר and masons H7023
קִ֑יר and masons
Strong's: H7023
Word #: 14 of 17
a wall (as built in a trench)
וַיִּבְנוּ and they built H1129
וַיִּבְנוּ and they built
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 15 of 17
to build (literally and figuratively)
בַ֖יִת an house H1004
בַ֖יִת an house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 16 of 17
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
לְדָוִֽד׃ David H1732
לְדָוִֽד׃ David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 17 of 17
david, the youngest son of jesse

Analysis & Commentary

And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Israel, emphasizing God establishing His chosen king. David's anointing as king over all Israel fulfills promises made years earlier (1 Samuel 16:13). The conquest of Jerusalem and establishment of it as capital demonstrates God's blessing. Military victories over Philistines show divine enablement. Theological themes include God's faithfulness to promises, the importance of proper locations for worship, and divine empowerment for tasks God assigns.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 5 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding God establishing His chosen king provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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